Cities and Museums in Egypt as Places for Human Respect Case study: Suez National Museum. (2024)

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AbstractNot only are Egyptian museums an asset in developing the country's economy, but they also play a pivotal social role in developing community-based activities and fostering dialogue. This role was emphasised after the 2011 revolution. Although museums in Egypt faced several threats and challenges during and after the revolution, the social change that it brought about highlighted the importance of museums. Museums encounter many opportunities that restore and strengthen their relationship with diverse Egyptian communities. This paper describes and documents the changes happening in Egypt's museums. As forums in which social matters can be discussed, museums play a foremost part in the promotion of social change and development. This is particularly true of museums in countries that have seen the rise and fall of great ancient civilisations, such as Egypt.

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Over the past five years, Egypt has undergone critical changes to its political system as a result of two anti-government protests, which have also had decisive influence on its cultural heritage. Young Egyptians initiated this movement through social media platforms. The movement grew to include different segments of the Egyptian people with varied ideological backgrounds, gender, and age. 1 They called for a peaceful revolution to request bread, freedom, and social justice. Despite other revolutions producing unprecedented threats to cultural heritage, including widespread looting of archaeological sites, unregulated demolition of historic buildings and ideologically-motivated destruction of museums, 2 this was not the case in Egypt. In contrast, on January 28, 2011, the peaceful revolutionists formed a human chain around the Cairo Museum to protect it from theft. Looting, damage, and illegal digging of Egypt's cultural heritage had already persisted over a long period pre-revolution; after the revolution, it was exaggerated, but as a result of a domestic of disorder rather than revolutionary strategies of protest. Museums and cultural heritage in Egypt faced many challenges and obstacles, amongst them the need for fundamental transformation of cultural heritage management policy within the broader framework of current philosophy and practice worldwide. The revolution did not itself the deterioration and the smuggling of Egyptian cultural heritage, but instead, drew our attention to years of negligence, in which the preservation management of cultural heritage has been held 1

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THE EGYPTIAN WORLD HERITAGE CITIES: THE SEARCH FOR A RELEVANT CONTEXT

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Ayman G. Abdel Tawab

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Challenging the Museum Narrative of Ancient Egypt

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Given the growing awareness of the museum field's foundation in white colonial power, museums have started to take action, utilizing the word "decolonize" to expand community partnerships and removing sculptures that celebrate white domination while reanalyzing their own past/present collection practices. On the surface, public-facing façade, we have seen a movement toward change, with more inclusive language, accessibility, and programming, while acknowledging that our field has much more work ahead. However, if museums are to truly understand and acknowledge their colonial history and connection, this self-examination must go beyond how they received their collections and explore how they continue to interpret them. This essay examines how museums perpetuate a colonial mindset in interpreting their collections. Specifically, by looking at ancient Egyptian collections, I will examine how museums have participated in creating a Western-based narrative that has appropriated ancient Egyptian history, thereby fragmenting Egyptian history, culture, and identity, and thus creating an incomplete and simplified narrative. The impact of this incomplete and simplified narrative can be seen in the over-valuing of ancient Egypt over modern Egypt, which in turn has real-world implications on tourism and even civic planning.

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As a country famous for its long history, Egypt is well-known for its rich and diverse cultural heritage, which is not only attested in the form of tangible sites, monuments and artefacts displayed in numerous museums, but also in the form of the intangible vivid oral traditions, festive celebrations, social customs as well as traditional arts and crafts. The importance of this intangible cultural heritage is that it represents the preserved identity of the Egyptian civilization and its traditions, -passed on from one generation to the next. Unfortunately, Egyptian intangible cultural heritage is endangered due to broad cultural globalization, and demographic and/or economic issues leading to weakened practices by local communities. Due to their role in preserving, interpreting, and promoting the natural and cultural heritage of humanity, and as knowledge-sharing institutions that operate for the benefit of communities, the regional museums in Egypt could in fact play an active role in the preservation of Egyptian intangible cultural heritage and its sustainable dissemination to future generations. This paper highlights the role of regional museums in the preservation of Egypt’s cultural identity through communication of its rich and diverse cultural heritage to the local communities. It also sheds light on these institutions’ role in bridging the gap between intangible cultural heritage, exemplified in traditional practices, arts and crafts, and the museums’ physical collections. As the sustainable preservation of intangible cultural heritage depends mainly on the practicing communities, this research sheds light on the idea of involving the rural communities in museum activities and public events. Furthermore, the paper discusses the participation of the private sector and stakeholders in supporting the role of the local museums in the rural communities’ development and in the preservation of Egypt’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

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Grand Projects: Urban Legacies of the Late 20th Century

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The Great Egyptian Museum (GME) can be considered a "pharaonic" architecture located on the outskirts of the Giza Pyramids. The idea of building a Great Museum for Egyptology, which occupies an internal area of 90,000m², derivers from discussions started in the mid-1990s. In 2002, the Irish office Heneghan Peng Architects won an international architecture competition that included more than 1,500 proposals from architects around the world. Commonly called as "the fourth pyramid of Giza", the GME´s construction started in 2005 and now is almost completed. The built of this mega museum structure aims to contribute to Egypt´s unique positioning as a first-class tourist destination considering the globalization processes. Furthermore, the GME must also be considered within a big strategy of building and renovating of nineteen museums in Egypt that includes, for example, the projects of the Nubian Museum in Aswan and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization. This strategy was undertaken by the worldwide famous archaeologist Zahi Hawass, then Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt. The construction of a mega museum architecture has been mobilized as an important argument for requesting the repatriation of Egyptian collections illegally removed from the country. Since 2010, Egypt has expressed interest in the return (or at least the loan) of some archeological antiques such as the Bust of Nefertiti and the Rosetta´s Stone. Even without being successful in these international negotiations, the architectural design assumes prominence for questioning one of the main arguments used to deny the repatriation requests: the lack of infrastructure for safeguarding and researching collections. The GME suggests the reflection about new challenges between global-local cultures that emerge in contemporaneity.

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations

‛A New Concept and Exhibition Program for the Egyptian Museum in Cairo’

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Mohamed Gamal Rashed

This article presents a new concept for the future permanent display of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, and discusses different practical ideas and concepts. Throughout the discussion, recent challenges and opportunities are considered, particularly the conflicts and duplication among the three major museums in Greater Cairo, the Egyptian Museum (EMC), the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM), and the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC). Different ideas are introduced, while selected options are then discussed. The author argues his suggestion to develop a concept that combines archaeological fieldwork, masterpieces, and visible storage in a presentation that varies from aesthetic, contextual and systematic display. This comes from the author's understanding of the expected audiences, their interests, the strengths of the collection, the exhibition space, and EMC's mission.

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Museum collections and moving objects in Egypt: an approach to amend the current situation

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Maher Eissa

Defining museum, collection, institution or “heritage” are key questions in museum studies and practice: even the term “museum object” hides the idea that the museum is the place not only to shelter objects, but principally to trans- form things into objects. Such fundamental questions are still not adequately considered by the authorities for antiq- uities and museums in Egypt. One example to be highlighted here concerns the practice and procedures of moving objects. In Egypt as elsewhere, museums lack shared guidelines for moving objects. Examples are given here of the physical damage and loss of information that resulted from repeated moves, often in the context of founding new museums without clear rationale. T hese risks highlight the need for national authorities in Egypt, and elsewhere, to reconsider a common collection policy, both for moving museum objects and for establishing new museums.

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Cities and Museums in Egypt as Places for Human Respect Case study: Suez National Museum. (2024)

FAQs

What is the most important museum in Egypt? ›

1. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities (Cairo Museum) Let's start off with the biggest and most well-known museum in Egypt -- the Cairo Museum, otherwise known as the Egyptian Museum. Home to over 120,000 ancient Egyptian artefacts, the Cairo Museum holds the world's largest collection of pharaonic antiquities.

Which museum is also known as the museum of Cairo and is located in Cairo? ›

Located in the heart of Tahrir Square, Cairo, the Egyptian Museum is a unique building designed to host the world's oldest collection of Pharaonic art and monuments.

How many museums are there in Egypt? ›

Tourism In Egypt has some of the most attractive Egyptian Sites and an interesting contemporary culture, the trove of antiquities is what attracts most visitors. Egypt has listed above 50 museums and still many have still to find their way to the list as it has reached the heart of tourist worldwide.

Where is the biggest Egyptian museum? ›

Two kilometres north of the Pyramids of Giza, around 20 minutes' drive from the centre of Cairo, is a sprawling complex that opens a gateway to the past. When it opens fully, the Grand Egyptian Museum will be the world's largest such facility devoted to a single civilization.

What is special about the Egyptian Museum? ›

The Egyptian Museum in Cairo (EMC) is the oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East, housing over 170,000 artefacts. It has the largest collection of Pharaonic antiquities in the world. The Museum's exhibits span the Pre-Dynastic Period till the Graeco-Roman Era (c. 5500 BC - AD 364).

What is the most important place in Egypt? ›

Cairo. Cairo is the capital of Egypt and its most important city, and with almost 20 million inhabitants, it's also one of the world's largest cities.

Which Egyptian city is called the world's greatest open air museum? ›

Luxor has frequently been characterized as the "world's greatest open-air museum", as the ruins of the Egyptian temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor stand within the modern city.

What is the largest museum in the world Cairo? ›

Grand Egyptian Museum

What is the new Egyptian museum called? ›

When it is completed, the Grand Egyptian Museum just outside of Cairo on the Giza Plateau (and next door to the Pyramids) will not only be the new crown jewel of Egypt, but it will also be one of the largest, most modern, and most renowned museums in the entire world. Read more…

What is the second largest Egyptian museum? ›

Museo Egizio
Museo Egizio di Torino
Entrance
Coordinates45.068°N 7.684°E
TypeEgyptian museum
CollectionsEgyptian art and artifacts
8 more rows

What is the first museum in Egypt? ›

The Egyptian Museum was founded in 1858 at Būlāq, moved to Al-Jīzah (Giza), and settled in its present site in downtown Cairo in 1897–1902. The building was designed by the French architect Marcel Dourgnon in Neoclassical style and was the first purpose-built museum in the Middle East and North Africa.

What museum has the most ancient Egyptian artifacts? ›

The Penn Museum houses one of the largest collections of Egyptian and Nubian material in the United States, numbering in excess of 42,000 items.

What is the biggest thing in Egypt? ›

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It served as the tomb of pharaoh Khufu, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

Who designed the gem? ›

More than 30 years ago, in fact (1992), the Egyptian government announced the launch of a project to establish the GEM. A decade later in 2002, an Iris design and architecture firm (Heneghan Peng Architects) beat out more than 1,500 other hopeful firms from 83 different countries to win the design bid.

What was the biggest find in Egypt? ›

The List
#DiscoveryLocation
1Khufu shipGiza pyramid complex
2Unfinished obeliskAswan
3The Great PyramidGiza pyramid complex
4Tomb of TutankhamunValley of the Kings
6 more rows

What is the most important tomb in Egypt? ›

What is the most famous tomb in Egypt? The Great Pyramids of Giza are the most famous tombs in Egypt which were built for more than 5000 years.

Which museum has the most Egyptian artifacts? ›

The Department of Ancient Egypt is a department forming an historic part of the British Museum, with Its more than 100,000 pieces making it the largest and most comprehensive collection of Egyptian antiquities outside the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

What is the most important landmark in Egypt? ›

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt. The pyramid is also the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

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